Simultaneous amplitude modulation and phase modulation with economy in bandwidth



P 1952 M. KALFAIAN ,611,826

SIMULTANEOUS AMPLITUDE MODULATION 'AND PHASE MODULATION WITH ECONOMY IN BAIIDWID'I'I'I-v Filed June 5, 1947 4'Shets-Sheet 2 AMPLITUDE ,1, lg ENVELOPE IN V EN TOR.

Sept. 23, 1952 KALFAlAN 2,611,826

SIMULTANEOUS AMPLITUDE MODULATION AND PHASE: MODULATION WITH ECONOMY IN BANDWIDTH Sept. 23, 1952 M. KALFAIAN SIMULTANEOUS AMPLITUDE MODULATION AND PHASE MODULATION WITH ECONOMY IN BANDWIDTH 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed June 5, 1947 MODULATOR OSCILLATOR MODULATOR IN VEN TOR.

carrierenvelopes.

Patented Sept. 23, 1952 1 UNITED I SIMULTANEOU AMPLITUDE ,MODULAT LAND. PHASE- MODULATION OMY IN BANDWIDTH This invention relates .to. time-division modu lating systems, and. more, particularly ,to methods. and means for simultaneously amplitude;;ancl phase modulating the timedivided carrierby.

first and second; intelligence waves; Its mainob ject is to waveshape. the time-divided carrier envelopes, so as to avoid widely expanded multiple pairs of sideband components that areazusually associated with steep sided rise and fal-lJof-the.

. In the general mode of time divisiontransmise sion, where the carrier'isinterrupted' abruptly at. a sub-carrier frequency fm, andthe modulation. wave having. frequencies not. exceeding .fm/2:1iscarriedover'the peaks of thednterru'pted enve.1 lopes, the sidebands repeat successively incomplementary pairs around the carrier; occupying frequency spaces between fa, 2m, "3fm;='etc'.,.with gradually diminishing amplitudes. Such"ex-- pansion o'f'sidebands may 'be' narrowed-tothe regions-of the first pair fm, by pre fixing the wave-z shapeon each side of succeeding envelopes to. the simplest curve of-sine-squar edfunction, which rises and falls from substantially zero level of the carrier in not less'thana definite time period tm. Howeven'even with such 'waveshaping of the carrier' envelopes, the mcidu latiorr-fre V sidefreduencywave""as produced by the carrier wave, and bandwidth as occuplied tiresometion, are characteristically different one from the other. The first is manifested to be eifected by A the time shift of the carrier wave maxima, and

' the second is determined by the frequency rate at which the carrier amplitude changes. The second case may be explained briefly (for comparison purpose) by an example of sinusoidal modulation, where compositefrequencies are represented by the fundamental and two complementary side frequencies. As is well knowmna sharply tuned circuit will,- respond maximum quency is limited tom/2 in a bandwidth-of Zfm;

because the modulation wave is '=conveyed only over the peaksof the'cnvelopes; lnotherwords, the time of signal resolution allowed is twice'the time that is normally required in the alternating type of modulation (signals carried over positive and negative alternations of the carrier'enve lope's); causing a waste of useful bandwidth. This loss of signal information may'fb'e'filled in, by simultaneously modulating the carrier phase a'secondmodulatingiwave; In this case again, in'order to avoid further expansion of sidebands, and to effect pure phase modulation, the carrier phase in each succeeding envelope is shifted step laystep representative of the modulating wave, in, a manner that; the angle is shifted abruptly 'at the-minimum (substantially zero) carrier level, so as to avoid transient'efiects between" the sueceeding-phase shifts.' The finalfmodulat'ed' carrier will then contain sidebands on both sides ofthe carrier, restricted to thereg-ions of jmy'conveying two separate modulating waves which range in frequencies from zeroto int/2; with the advantage of each signal being readily separable from one another by way of the two types' 'of modulationi Such sideband 'res trictionm'ay be explained by thefollowing analysis:

In pure amplitude modulatiomthebehavior'of when resonated at any one; of these three frequencies, but negligibly minimum at all other frequencies. When the resonanceof the circuit is tuned close to the fundamentahrthe.carrier cycles assume an in-phas e relation with the resonant frequency of the circuit for a considerable length of'time, and contributean oscillatory-excitation therein. However, th carrier' cycles gradually become outof phase with thefree v ose cillation of the circuit, and,(because ofsymmetry in amplitude reversal) cancel out the original contribution. With the" assumption that the resolution time constant of the circuit is low, compared to the time of phase reversal, the magnitude of stored oscillation at the output willbe' negligible. when" the circuit i's eontinu' lytuned away from the fundamental, the lengthitime'dur ingfwhich such ccntributi njansc el1 tionloc+;

curs becomes ljessfarrii less, until at side-frequency point (where "thi's'time-p'eriod constitutesffone' in the following:

the amplitud'e -change of thef ca rr ut some other phenomena that represents ,frequencyv change. This phenom'ena may be eii'plainedas In the simple case of:v pure amplitude modulation, the zero crossingsof, the carrier wave are equally spaced, and therefore, the carrier represents fundamentally a single frequency". f How ever, in the act of amplitude change, the maxima of the carrier half-cycles shift from normal time positions, which behave, as; though the carrier half-cycles were changing in time, and possessing additional frequencies; Accordingly, a modulated carrier voltage has essentially two components: one emanating from the carrier without time shift of the maxima, and one emanating from the carrier voltage'that experiences these "time The power derived from --the 'car riervoltag'e' that experiences time shift of the maxima is attributed to the side-frequency-waves, since in their absence this voltage is also absent. Hence, if we determine the output of this power, we will determine the power contribution of the sidefrequency-waves at any given instant.

The carrier voltage that experiences these time shifts may be found by writing the modulation voltage, as:

e= a+b cos 9m) cos c (1) where 9m and 9e are the instantaneous phase angles of the sinusoidal modulation envelope and the carrier respectively, while a and b are constants. In general, I) is smaller or equal to a, and

therefore, Equation 1 may be written, as:

e=a (1+K cos 6m) cos 9c (2) To find the positive or negative shift of the maxima, Equation 2 may be diiferentiated and setthe derivative equal to zero.

Therefore, Equation 3 may be simplified and solvedfor 9c, as follows:

tam 0=(,fmK sin am) /f(l+K cos 0m) (4) where -=sidewise shift of the maxima from normal. By further simplifying Equation 5:

im KIm sin wait (8) Accordingly, the side band power Pe may be written by multiplying the two terms of current and voltage, as:

Ps =KEmIm Sm wmt zK Emlm (1-605 2 wmt) (9) The average value of (cos Zwmt) is zero, hence, the average value of power is:

Equation 10 agrees with the average value of power generally given for side components. However, Equation 9 shows that the frequency associated with the power arising from side-frequency-wave is exactly twice the frequency of the impressed modulating voltage. Furthermore, it shows that the power output of side component is maximum at the steepest part of the modulation envelope. Accordingly, the phase relations of the instantaneous poweroutpnt of the carrier and side component may be shown; graphically as in Fig. 1, wherein (1 illustrates the condition existing in 100% modulation, and b in 50% modulation.

It will be noted that the power of the carrier PC varies from a fixed reference level equal to 1, whereas, the power P5 arising from side component varies from a fixed level equal to 0. In other words, the power output of side component is 100% modulated at a frequency 2Wm regardless of the modulation ratio K. This shows that the side components are not independent carriers; if they were, the amplitude variation of the carrier at frequency 2Wm would cause further pairs oftheir own side-frequency-waves. The side components are merely possessed by the carrier wave whenchanged in amplitudefrom one steady state to another, in the form as indicated by Equation 7 Figures 2 and 3 show one form of amplitude modulation, where the rate of amplitude change from one steady state to another is kept constant at a fixed time period tm. In this case, there appears only one pair of complementary sidefrequency-waves, and the shape of their power envelopes are indicated by. the dotted lines. However, a modulation waveform such as shown 00-.

. cupies a bandwidth covering the entire space between the two side frequencies; even though the side-frequency-waves remain constant without side swings; a

Here, the difference between side-frequencywave and bandwidth is readily distinguished'by the fact that, the first is manifested bythetime shift of the carrier wavemaxlma from normal position, and the second is manifested as .a consequence of dissymmetric contribution and cancellation of the carrier to the tuned circuit during a giventime. Accordingly, in theideal simple case of unity modulation, each envelope maybe separated from its boundaries of substantially zero power level and transmitted as an independent" carrier unit without expanding the spectral width outside the specified regions.

Thus, these units may be transmitted by a con trolled method: I, continuously, as in Fig. 4, wherein the magnitude of the envelope remains constant, but the phase anglein each envelope shifts in steady state step by sampling method; II, as in-Figs. 6 and 7, wherein the time interval T between the envelopes may be any length of time; T and III, as in Fig. 8, wherein each envelope of the carrier carries simultaneous amplitude and phase representations of elemental informa acontrolled-modulated carrier wave in accord;--.

ance with this invention, wherein, only amplitude modulation is employed.

Briefly therefore, in order transmit a carrier wave in the composite modulated form as described in the foregoing, the fol-- lowing steps are provided: Producing. first and second intelligence waves, producing a carrier l ce a id;

wave, time dividing the carrier into elemental-envelopesatfrequency rate essential to convey intelligence; deriving first and second steady stateelectrical quantities from the first and secnd intelligence waves in time phase with the elemental envelopes, modulating the peak magni- 'tudes of the carrier envelopes by the-first qu'anti thusrestrict thetotal bandwidth totwicesthat of;

the time dividingirequency... c

The above. discussion on. theitheoryandbroad; aspects of the presentinventionzwill now befol i lowed by: a description of thedetailed-circuitsand modifications thereof which maybeemployednc-j cordingto the invention. In thedrawingsp;

Fig. 1 is a graph showingpower'variationgof a modulated carrier-wave; q Figs. 2-8. illustrate the various types of, modu- L lation of the carrier wave,

Fig. 9, 0-9 are various waveforms used in de-g scribing the operation of the circuit arranger, ments of Figs. ;-and 1 1. I i

Fig. 10- is a diagrammatic arrangementifor plitude modulation at the transmitter.

Fig. 11 is an arrangement utilized for modulating the carrier wave';in connectiongwithg the arrangement of Fig. l0.

- AM modulator and sampler Inj Fi'g, 10; ,thereare shown two intelligence wave sources, indicatedIbythe roman numerals! I'and II,,in blocks I and 2'. Thesetwo intelligence waves may either originate from a. single source, or two independent sources for time division multiplex transmission; In either case, the outputs of blocks l and 2 are connectedto the control grids of, modulator tubes 13. and v4!, to. modulate a high frequency wave, originated infblock ,5}

The input circuits of these modulator. tubes are connected in a conventional manner, wherein, the output impedance 6 of oscillator 5' is connected from grid-to cathode terminals inseries withthel branched impedanc'es i and 8 of blocks l audit,

and a normal biaspotential 9. [The modulated high. frequency oscillations in the plate tank circuits I0 and H of these tubes are separately rectified through diodes I2 and i3, and charged across the storage condensers Grand Cijrespectively. ,These condensers are normauy free of load impedances, and therefore, charge to the 'peak' magnitude of the modulated oscillations and'retains'their electrical quantities without,

decay thereafter. The discharge of these con}; 1 densers is achieved periodically in alternate se- 1 quence by the grid controlled discharger tubes] l4 and I5, which are normally biased to plate current cut-off by'the bias supply it, The rune-'- tion is that, whilethese tubes are rendered n0n-' conductive, they act as: high impedances [across said condensers Without disturbing I their stored ff But, when thenegative bias ltf'i's" quantities. I v raised near cathode potential, the'tubes M and I5 become plate current conductive-and "dis-f charge their stored quantities. The altern'ate sampling of the intelligence 'wavesac'ross' con"- densers and C2 is obtained by operating the discharger tubes I4, l5 and'modulatcr tubes t, 4, in a predetermined sequence under control waves; the latter tubes being normally biased to plate current cut-01f by the bias source =1 1. These control'waves are obtained from generator l8,-

vvhich:..-normally oscillates at frequency int/2,

equal to half or higher than thezhighest frequency component I contained-in the intelligence wavestIland .II. .Theoutput oscillatory voltage of 1 8 'is applied-simultaneously upon the control gridsofivacuumtubes l9 and 20. The vacuum tube lg 'actsi'as a frequency doubler,. and itsflplat'e tankcoil 21. is tuned to fin, equal twice that ofv thev inputrtrequencyl whereas, tube. 20' acts as. a bufferramplifier, and its, plate tank coil. '22: istun'ed to the input..-fre'quency J m/2. i a The voltage of the oscillatory wave fm acrosscoil 21, is inductively induced upon coil 23,

,. and? appliedutherefrom upon the control'gridslof l5 simultaneouslyv discharger'. tubes; l 4 and, through thei'center tap: of .coil. 2t, while the volt-.

agezofloscillatory wave; fm/LZ from across coilizt isfinductivelyinduced uponcoilr-Zd, and'applied' ithereirom upon. the. gridsof. these. tubes alter-v nately b'y push-pull connection; iThe potential; magnitudesmas well as the phase diif'erencesi across =coils f23 and p24 are. sof adjusted that whi'le.

the added simultaneous first positive-half cycle' 'oftherwave fm fromiacross'coil 23,uand:sthefirstzpositive-quarter-cycle offm/ 2 from'across 001124;:

drive the control grid of one discharger tube near cathode potential for conductive operation, the. first negative-quarter-cycle of the .wave vim/2- 'across v.ccibit.ssubtracts from'tne said positive half-cycleot wave fmacross the grid of. the other dischargerftube, thereby rendering the-said dis= charger-,tubestobecome conductive periodically: intx. alternate sequence only during: the: first quarterJ-cycleperiods of the wavelet/2'. Similarly, theoscillatory voltage across coil 22 Binductively induced uponcoil25, and applied there'- i from upon thesecond controligrids of modulator tubes its-and; 4 inzpush-pull, to render them operative-ini alternate: sequence. Thus, when one dis 7 charger tube., becomes conductive, for example tube M, to discharge a previously stored electrical 1 quantity :across. COIIdEIISGI Cl during the :ifi'rst quarterecycle of wave .fm/Z vfrom: across .coil 24,

the second'control grid==of the modulator tube 3 is raised neara cathode potential during most-.of the half-cycle period,i allowing it to conduct and transmit the new. incident magnitude or the modulated-wave. to be stored proportionallyin condenser 01 after its dischargeoperation. Ace:

cordingly, when the condenser C1 is discharged:

and're-charged'during one half-cycle period of fm/Z', the potential across condenser (32 remains in a steady state' value without disturbance, and

-vice versa.-- v

For illustrative description-of the various wave forms and their phase relationsacross coils 23, 24,

ar -and condensers Grand 02,: reference is made tojthe graphical illustration" in Fig. 9. For phase relations of the waves int/2, assume that during the time area T1 at g; the positive half-cycle of wavefmfz' drives thecontrol grid or discharger,

tube Mfjust short of plate current conductance? In addition, the positive half-cycle of wave In further. drives, the said grid near cathode potential, and the tube becomes conductive during'the shad'e'darea Thus, during the area T1, the condenserQC1 is discharged from its previous storage and recharged to a newquantity, as indicated by the solid line 26 of approximate waveform, at e.

"from 7. Similarly, during the following period T2, the condenser C2 becomes discharged and recharged, as indicated by the solid line 2'1, at f.

The steady state output voltages of condensers Ci and Czareapplied upon the modulator blocks 2 8 and 29, wherein the carrier wave from block 30 ismodulated in the form, as illustrated at e V and f, in Fig. 9. Thusduring time period T1, thecarrier output of modulator 29 is ina steady state corresponding to an incident magnitude of the intelligence wave, while the carrier output of the modulator 28 is in a state of shifting its magnitude. Similarly, during time period. T2, the carrierioutput of the modulator 28 is in a steady state corresponding to an incident magnitude of the intelligence Wave, while the carrieroutput of the modulator 29 is in a state of shifting its magnitude.

,These modulated carrier waves from blocks 28 and 2.9 are applied upon the intensity control grids3| and 3| of special cathode ray modulator tubes A and B respectively. The tubes A and1B are similar in. structure, and comprise similar component parts as indicated by the following respective numerals: electron emitting cathode 32, 32'; electron beam forming electrode 33, 33';--horizontal beam deflecting plates 34,34; verticalbeam-defiecting plates 35, 35'; secondarilyemitted electron collector 36, 36'; cathodeemitted electron beam 31, 31'; and modulator target 38, 38' in the pathof the said beam. The D. C. potentials necessary for the various elements of tubes A and B are not shown for simplicity of drawing, as these connections are known to the skilled in the art of electronics. Theiapplication of the carrier outputs of the modulators 28 and 29 upon the control grids 3| and 3| of tubes A and B serve to vary the intensities of theelectron beam 31 and 31' impinging upon the targets 38 and 38', in the modulated forms, as illustrated at e and ,f, inFig. 9, while these targets serve to re-modulate for final shaping and transmitting of the carrier wave.

Since, the structure and function of the targets of tubes A and B are similar, the. target of tube Amay be taken as a typical example to explain the operation of the system.

' The target 38 is divided into two parts: It and i. The part h consists of a uniform conductive surface in a plane perpendicular to the fiow of the electron beam 31, and is electrically grounded to return the current of theimpinging beam directlyto the emitting cathode 32. Thus, while the beam 31 is swept across any area of the part h, -all of the beam current is short-circuited to ground, and the output signal is zero. Whereas, the part i is further divided into a plurality of parallel strips :1, which are mutually connected to the extended strip of the part h, by the resistive element K in steps of progressively increasing values. Thus, when the beam 31 impinges upon the extreme lower end of part i, the current of the beam is short-circulted to ground. But, as the beam sweeps upward vertically, the

. current of the beam returns to ground through progressively increasing values of the resistive element k, and the voltage across the total of this resistance becomes a linear function of the vertical displacement of the beam from normal zero value at the extreme lower end position of the part i. The electron collector 36 maybe pro-'- vided with a positive potential with respect'to ground, to ensure that the secondarily emitted electrons are collected, which might otherwise introduce noise in the output circuit.

In operation, the modulated carriers at e and f in Fig. 9, are re-modula-ted into the final form of transmitted envelopes, as at d, by the modulator targets in a manner that, the target of tube A produces the envelopes during the time periods T1 and T3, Whi1e the target of tube B produces the envelopes during the time periods T2 and T4. which are finally combined to produce the continuous envelopes in the broad band amplifier 39 for final transmission. To eifect this operation, the sine wave of frequency jm from across coil 40 is applied upon the vertical deflecting plates 35, 35' of tubes'A and B in parallel; the connections of which are indicated by the letter y. Whereas, the sine wave'of frequency ,fm/2 from across coil 4| is applied upon the horizontal defleeting plates 34, 34' by cross-connection, so that, while one beam sweeps across part h, the other beam sweeps across part i of the targets of tubes A and B; their connections being indicated by the letter :2. The phase relations of the last said waves are so adjusted that, for example by phasing block 42, when any one of the horizontally deflected beams sweep across part 2' of the target. the magnitude of the carrier at e or f in Fig. 9, is in a steady state. Thus, the carrier wave appears at the output of the targets 38, 38', only during the periods when the carrier magnitude is in a steady state periodically in alternate sequence. Furthermore, when the switching wave fm/Z is at its zero axis (the switching position of the beam), the sine wave fm is at its lower slope, which efiects the beam to impinge upon the target at this instant at the position shown in the drawing. Thus, at this switching point, the

PM modulator Various types of phase modulation may be em- Ployed with the present invention. For example, in one conventional mode of phase modulation, the carrier phase angle is shifted against a reference phase angle. The modulated carrier is then compared with a reference carrier, which is generated locally at the receiver. type'of phase modulation with the present invention, the phase angle of the carrier in each envelope is shifted in steady state steps against j The second type of phase a reference angle; modulation is to shift the phase angle in every other envelope in steady state steps, and transmit the reference phase angle of the carrier inbetween these envelopes. In this mode of modu-" lation, the carrier envelopes are received periodically in two separate channels, and their outputs compared for intelligence translation. A third type of modulation is to shift the carrier phase in each enevelope in steady state steps, in a sense.

that, each stepof phase change represents a reference phase angle to a succeeding step of To adapt this 44 of cathode ray tubes C and D, in Fig. 11. The target 44 of tube D consists of a circular conductive plate comprising a plurality of evenly'spaced slits oriented such-aseach to have its longer axis aligned with the radius of the circle, whereas, the 5, target 43 of tube C consists of a circular con ductive plate comprising the samenumberof evenly-spaced slits, but so orientedthat, when 1' both plates were placed in juxtapositiongithe, longer axis of any one of the slits on one-plate" would cross the longer axes of two adjacentslits r on the other plate; the angle of such crossing; being dependent upon the sp'acingsr between ad s jacent slits; The cathode ray tubes C'and -D comprise the usual elements, but are-omitted from the drawing for simplicity. 'However the.

electron beams produced therein, are indicated?" decrement, to receive theincommg time. divided envelopes of the carrier'at periodic intervals, and dampen out the stored oscillations in the circuit by force in-between these intervals; may also employ'a second tunedcircuit to operby the small circles 45' and 46, .to show :their' sweeping synchronism upon their; respective tare The beams 45 and. 461are synchronously deflected in circular motion by a quadrature ets.

ages are synchronously applied upon the deflectence is made to the phase shifting targets 43 and ing plates of tubes C and D, the electron beams:

and 46 rotate, causing current interruptions across the targets, through the output induct-.

ances 58 and 59; Thus, the frequency of current} variation across these inductances may-be made equal to the carrier frequencyby arranging the targets with a predetermined number of slits.-

In addition, the phase angle of the'current" variation in coil 58 may be shifted with regard to the current variation in coil 59,- by shifting the In operation, a phase'modulating voltage is sampled periodically by the" condenser C3 in phase with the condenser C1 .in Fig. 10. Also,

the phase of the oscillator 51. is so adjusted that,-

the beams 45 and 46 travel acrossIthe circular areas I of the .targets43 and 44 when the Voltage across condenser C3 is in a steady state. by the periodic steady state amplitude modulation in modulator 52, the phase angle of output carrier oscillation in coil 58 will shift in steady state steps during the periods T2 and T4, etc., in Fig. 9. Since, reference is made to the second type of phase modulation, as mentioned above. the condenser C4 will be considered omitted. Accordingly, the carrier .oscillation in the output coil 59 will be of constant reference angle.

In order to combine the arrangement of Fig. 11 with the arrangement in Fig. 10, for simultaneous amplitude and phase modulation in accordance with the invention, the carrier wave oscillator 30 in Fig. 10 is replaced by the arrangement of Fig. 11. That is, carrier outputs of coils 58 and 59 in Fig. 11 are directly applied upon the modulators 29 and 28 respectively, as indicated in Fig. 10.

In the event that the phase modulation is chosen to be in the first mentioned type, as shown at c in Fig. 9, the condenser C4 in Fig. 11 is included, and the target 44 of tube D is replaced by a target similar to the target in tube C, for alternate phase shifts of the carrier.

Thus,

thereof.

Since, the'output phase of the; 'carrierwave must individually remain in steady state steps during only the areas I oftargets 43 and 44, the ""slits in the opposite areas may be dissymmetric for-the production of odd carrier frequencies, when the frequency of the oscillatori5l is to be maintained constant and the number'of slits of the targets are to be changed for differentcarrier channels.

" The receiving apparatus in connection with [the type of transmission employed herein may be of any conventional type having a .band-.

Receiver width equal twice that of the frequency at which ate at sequential intervals with respect to the first said circuit, so that continuous reception may be achieved. Reference to this type of reception may be made toPatent No. 2,157,312,

plication as if fully included herein; although the said disclosure differs in purpose; While I have described particular embodiv ments of the invention, numerous substitutions I of parts, adaptations and modifications'are nos-'- sible without departing from the spirit andscopey Furthermore, the number of modu-'-""" lating signals is not limited to only two intelli- I gence waves; one for amplitude and'" one forphase modulationpas other intelligencewaves' 3 may be included in the transmission bytime' 1 sequence in the time divisions as set forth herein. In such case, the bandwidth of the transmitted carrier will be equal to the total of the'hi'ghest.".;

frequency components contained in the multi-- plex signals. 1

What I claim is:

. l. The system of simultaneously." amplitude and phase modulating a carrierwave by first and second intelligence waves, which comprises; 1, means to produce first and second. intelligence'gi' waves, means to produce a carrierwave in first and second branches, a switching means and means therefor to time divide the carrier. in said first and second branches in alternate sequence at a frequency rate essential to convey said intelligence, means to combine outputs of the first and second branches, whereby to obtain the carrier comprising time divided alternate portions in the first and second branches, first and second storage means, means to apply the first intelligence wave upon the first and second storage means, means to operate the first and second storage means on and off alternately by said switching means, at such time-phase that, the first and second storage means store and retain alternate substantially steady state electrical quantities representative of the first intelligence; during output portions of the carrier in said first and second branches, phase modulator or modulators and means therefor to modulate phase angle of the carrier in the first and second branches by said alternate steady state quantities, whereby the carrier wave in first intelligence in constant state from boundary to boundary, thereby to avoid effective frequency modulation during each successive time division period, third and fourth storage means, means to apply the second intelligence-wave upon the third and fourth storage meansmeansto operate the third and fourth storage means altermeans at the rate of saidtime dividing frequency and means therefor to apply last said potentials alternately upon the first and second charging devices to'render them alternately operative and nately by said switching means in similar manner and in-phase with the aforesaid storage means, whereby to obtain third and fourth substantially steady state electrical quantities representative of the second intelligence, amplitude modulator or modulators and means therefor to modulateamplitude of the, carrier by last said quantities in the first and second branches,

whereby each time-divided portion of the carrier at said combined output contains simultaneous amplitude modulation by said second intelligence, means to waveshape the amplitudeof each successive time division ofthe carrier wave,

so that at the boundaries the carrier amplitude is substantially riegligiblylow, whereby to avoid appreciable sudden transientefiect of the carrier wave due to sudden phase and amplitude change at the boundaries, and the rise and fall at the boundariesare shaped substantially ap-' proximating to that of thesine-squared function, thereby to avoid widely expanded multiple pairs of complementary sidebands that are usually associated with steep sided rise and fall of the carrier envelopes, and means to transmit the final modulated carrier wave- 2. As set forth in claim. 1,, which includes means to receive saidtransmitted wave, and means to re-translate said amplitude and phase modulations into their respective original intelligence waves. V

3. As set forth in claim 1, wherein said storage means for deriving steady state electrical quan-.

tities representative of said first and second intelligence waves comprise. the following; parts:.

1 charge'the first and second condensers in alternate sequence'by quantities corresponding to st'atistic amplitudes of the first intelligence, means to derive from said switching means positivepotentials duringa portion of approximately com mencing lastsaid firstand second potentials and I means therefor to apply same upon the first and second discharging devices for operation, thereby to alternately discharge the first and second condensers'of their previously stored quantities prior to final charging during said -charging periods for full storage in constant states thereafter, and third and fourth condensers; in-" I cluding' th-ird and fourth charging and discharging devices therefor; and means to operate same in .the'aforementioned manner for deriving steadystateelectrical quantities representative first and second storage condensers, first and second charging devices, means to apply the first intelligence wave upon last said devices for charging said condensers by quantities proportional corresponding to the static amplitudes of] the first intelligence, first and second discharging devices for discharging said condensers, negative bias potentials for the first and second charging and discharging devices to render them normally inoperative, means to derive first and second positive potentials from said switching of the second intelligence wave.

' MEGUER KALFAIAN.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Date Germany July .5, 1937 OTHER REFERENCES Band-Width Requirements, Wl W. Hansen, QST, February 1945, pages 1113.

Evaluation of Transmission Efficiency, 'Calvier Electrical Communications, December 1948, 414-420. 

